When does a girl become a resident after travel, and does she need her mahram to stay if she becomes so, especially if she has her own home and means of safety and security are available? And does she need her mahram during her residence in a non-Muslim country out of necessity, if it respects her commitment and there are no harassments? Is there any Shari evidence for this?
Scholars differed regarding the duration after which a traveler becomes a resident. The most prevalent opinion is four days. This ruling pertains to the concessions of travel, such as shortening prayers (qasr), combining prayers (jam'), and wiping over leather socks (masḥ al-khuffayn). As for the condition of a maḥram for a woman, it is specific to the journey, due to the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "A woman must not travel except with a maḥram." If the maḥram escorts her to her destination, he may return if she is safe. It is not a condition for her residency in a safe country that her maḥram resides with her. A woman's residency in a country without a maḥram is not harmful or blameworthy if the place is safe. As for residing in non-Muslim countries, it is permissible out of necessity or a recognized need, provided there is security from temptation (fitna) and the ability to adhere to the rulings of Islamic law.
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