What is the ruling on one who suffers from urinary incontinence and uses cotton pads for protection; is she required to change the cotton if urine contaminates it, and what should she do if urine reaches her undergarments or outer clothing?

The ruling on urinary incontinence has been previously clarified. As for clothing, specific prayer garments can be designated, worn when entering prayer and removed afterwards to avoid washing them every prayer time. However, if the incontinence is continuous, such that it does not stop at prayer time, then changing or washing the clothes is not obligatory due to the hardship. It is recommended to seek treatment for the condition.