Is it permissible to pray in clothes to which the smell of menstruation adheres, or the smell of gas upon its exit from the vagina, or the smell of urine (in the case of using a protective barrier that prevents urine from reaching the underwear)?

"Things are not judged to be impure except with certainty. If the unpleasant odor in clothing is merely a smell coming from a nearby place, and there has been no leakage of urine or menstrual blood, then the clothes are not considered impure, and it is permissible to pray in them. The smell of wind (fart) has no effect on this."