How does a woman distinguish between yellowness (ṣufrah) that is considered part of menstruation and those yellow discharges that are continuous throughout the period of purity, especially if menstruation connects with them, and how does she differentiate between natural moisture and menstrual yellowness?

Yellowish and brownish discharges are considered menstruation if they occur during the customary period or are connected to blood. Thus, any yellowish discharge a woman sees during her customary period is menstruation. If the yellowish discharge is continuous, it is considered istihadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding), and only the portion that coincides with her customary period is considered menstruation. Yellowish and brownish discharges are impure. A woman afflicted with the continuous flow of these yellowish or brownish discharges has the ruling of a person with incontinence: she performs ablution for each prayer after its time has begun, and with this ablution, she prays the obligatory prayer and whatever supererogatory prayers she wishes. She should take precautions by using a cloth or similar means. Caution must be exercised to avoid succumbing to whispering doubts (waswasah).