Are the testimonies and acts of worship of an apostate valid if he returns to Islam and utters the two declarations of faith without performing ghusl?

Ghusl (ritual bath) is not a prerequisite for the validity of a murtadd’s (apostate's) return to Islam; merely uttering the two Shahadas (declarations of faith) validates his Islam. However, there is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding the obligation of ghusl after embracing Islam:

- Some scholars obligate it absolutely, while others do not obligate it at all. - The Shafi'is elaborated, stating that ghusl is obligatory if the apostate committed an act during his apostasy that necessitated ghusl; otherwise, it is not. - If a disbeliever embraces Islam and was not required to perform ghusl during his state of disbelief, then performing ghusl is recommended. - If ghusl was obligatory upon him during his state of disbelief and he did not perform it, then it becomes incumbent upon him to perform ghusl after embracing Islam. - If he performed ghusl while being a disbeliever due to an act necessitating ghusl, should he repeat ghusl after embracing Islam? There are two opinions: one is that repeating it is not obligatory, and the other is that repeating it is obligatory, and this is the more correct opinion because it is a pure act of worship. - The preponderant view is that if a disbeliever embraces Islam while in a state of janabah (major ritual impurity), ghusl becomes obligatory upon him. However, if he was not involved in anything that necessitated ghusl during his disbelief, then his acts of worship are valid without ghusl.