What is the ruling on touching the Mus'haf without ablution, and what is the punishment for one who does so? Is it permissible to read from the Mus'haf using an interposing object or from a mobile phone without ablution?

Whoever intentionally touches the Mushaf (copy of the Qur’an) while not in a state of ritual purity (Wudu') is sinful according to the majority of scholars. There is no specific punishment for this, and it suffices for the sinner to repent, feel remorse, and resolve not to repeat it. It is permissible for someone not in a state of Wudu' to touch the Mushaf with an interposing barrier, according to some scholars, but it is better to avoid it to avert disagreement. It is permissible for someone not in a state of Wudu' to read the Qur’an from a mobile phone screen if they are not in a state of major ritual impurity (Janabah), because it does not take the ruling of the Mushaf.