Is zakat obligatory on money saved for the purpose of marriage, stability, and improving one's livelihood, and how are zakat and the hawl (one year) calculated for sums of money that are received and spent at varying intervals?

Zakat becomes obligatory on wealth when it reaches the nisab (threshold) and a lunar year (hawl) has passed since it reached that nisab. Its amount is 2.5%. Zakat is obligatory on money saved for improving living conditions or for marriage. Funds acquired during the hawl, if they are profit resulting from trading with the nisab, are zakatable along with it. As for funds that are not profit, such as wages, they can be zakatable along with the nisab to simplify calculation, or a new, separate hawl can be started for them. Zakat paid with the intention of covering two years is sufficient if the amount paid covers the period, even if the initial intention was for one year.