What is the expected procedure and punishment from the judge against a seventy-year-old person who described another as an "innovator" (mubtadiʿ)? Is it a discretionary (taʿzīr) punishment or a fixed (ḥadd) punishment, and does he have the right to appeal the ruling?

Accusing someone of bid'ah (innovation in religion) is akin to accusing a Muslim of fasaq (transgression/immorality). It is considered an insult that warrants a discretionary punishment (ta'zir) if it is not applicable, because it is among the expressions that contradict the belief of Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah (the People of the Sunnah and the Community). The estimation of the discretionary punishment is subject to the ijtihad (independent reasoning) of the ruler or judge, and the aggrieved party has the right to object to the ruling and appeal it to second-degree courts.