Should the defendant swear an oath that the plaintiff is not owed a debt and that he never borrowed from him, or should he swear that the amounts written are incorrect and have been tampered with, knowing that the judge will choose the wording of the oath?
Source: FtawySummary from Ftawy's records · added here Sep 2, 2026
Some scholars permit the oppressed person to use tawriyah (equivocation) and ta'rid (allusion) in an oath before a judge. Their meaning is: uttering a word that is apparent in one meaning, while intending another meaning that the word can also encompass, but which is contrary to its apparent sense. This benefits the oppressed person religiously, so they do not sin.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
Read the full answer on Ftawyhttps://ftawy.com/en/questions/165800
Where this answer came from
- Source platform
- Ftawy
- Original fatwa ID
- 165800
- Added here
- . This is when the answer was added to El Fatwa, not the fatwa's date.
- Text
- Summary from Ftawy's records, reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
- Read the full ruling
- Read the full answer on Ftawy