What is the meaning of al-iʿtiṣām (holding fast), how is it done, what are its forms, and what are its types in the noble verse: "And hold fast, all of you together, to the Rope of Allah"?

The "holding fast" mentioned in the Qur'an is of two types: holding fast to Allah and holding fast to the rope of Allah. It refers to clinging to that which protects and prevents from what is to be avoided. So, "holding fast to the rope of Allah" protects from misguidance, and "holding fast to Allah" protects from ruin. The first necessitates guidance and following the evidence, and the second necessitates strength. Both are the origin of happiness and salvation.

The expressions of the Salaf differed in interpreting "holding fast to the rope of Allah." Ibn Abbas said: "Hold fast to the religion of Allah." Ibn Mas'ud said: "It is the congregation." Mujahid and Ata said: "It is the covenant of Allah." Qatadah and Al-Suddi said: "It is the Qur'an."

As for "holding fast to Allah," it is relying on Him, seeking His protection, and asking Him to protect and preserve the servant and to ward off every cause that leads to destruction. This includes warding off doubts, desires, the cunning of enemies, and the evil of one's own self.