Is insulting the crescent moon considered disbelief (kufr), and what is the ruling on riding in vehicles that pass over crescent moon drawings on manhole covers if it is considered a symbol of Islam?

The crescent moon is originally a cosmic phenomenon. The Ottomans were the first to adopt it as a symbol for Muslims. It is not correct to describe it as an absolute symbol of Islam. The crescent moon shape found on the aforementioned covers is often a logo for the specific entity, not a sign of Islam. Therefore, there is no harm in stepping on it and walking over it, and there is no insult to the religion in doing so.