Does depositing money in an Islamic bank, so that its returns reach charities such as the National Cancer Institute, count as Sadaqah Jariyah for the deceased female?

If the intention is to endow the principal amount and dedicate its returns to charitable organizations, such that the principal is held in perpetuity and its profits are spent, then this falls under the category of Waqf, which is an ongoing charity (Sadaqa Jariyah). The true nature of Waqf is: "holding the principal in trust and dedicating its usufruct (fruit) to charity."

As for endowing dirhams and dinars (money), the majority of scholars prohibited it due to the condition that the principal must remain intact. However, some, like Zufar from the Hanafis, permitted it by endowing them for Mudarabah (definition) (a form of partnership where one party provides the capital and the other provides labor) and donating their profit. This view was supported by a group of Hanafi and Maliki scholars and was chosen by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah.