Is it permissible to fast seeking reward for the deceased?
It is impermissible for anyone to fast on behalf of another during their lifetime, by scholarly consensus. As for fasting on behalf of the deceased, there is a difference of opinion:
- The first view (the preferred one): It is recommended for the deceased's guardian to fast on their behalf, and this fast is valid. This is one of the two opinions of Al-Shafi'i, and it was adopted by Tawus, Al- Al-Basri, Al-Zuhri, Qatadah, Al-Layth, Ahmad, Ishaq, and Abu 'Ubayd. - The second view: Fasting on behalf of the deceased is not permissible. This is the view of the majority of scholars, including Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, 'A'ishah, Malik, and Abu Hanifah.
As for dedicating the reward of prayer and fasting to a living or deceased person, there is a difference of opinion:
- The majority of scholars: It is not permissible to dedicate their reward, and the reward does not reach the recipient. - The Hanafis and Hanbalis: It is permissible to dedicate the reward, and it reaches the recipient.
Shaykh al-Islam states that charity and fasting on behalf of the deceased are permissible, and this is the view of Ahmad and Abu Hanifah, whereas most of the followers of Malik and Al-Shafi'i hold that this is prescribed only for financial acts of worship.
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