Could you please parse the entire Surah Al-Alaq for me?
«Read in the name of your Lord who created (1)»: اقرأ (Read): An imperative verb, and its doer is implicit. باسم (in the name): The letter ب (in) is extra, and اسم (name) is an object of the verb. ربك (your Lord): A possessive genitive. الذي (Who): An adjective of ربك (your Lord). خلق (created): A past tense verb, and its doer is implicit.
«He created man from a clinging substance (2)»: خلق (He created): A substitute for the preceding verb, and its doer is implicit. الإنسان (man): An object of the verb. من علق (from a clinging substance): Related to the verb.
«Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous (3)»: اقرأ (Read): An imperative verb, and its doer is implicit. And the و (and) is a circumstantial particle. وربك الأكرم (and your Lord is the Most Generous): A subject and its predicate.
«Who taught by the pen (4)»: الذي (Who): A second adjective for ربك (your Lord). علم (taught): A past tense verb, and its doer is implicit. بالقلم (by the pen): Related to the verb.
«Taught man that which he knew not (5)»: علم (Taught): A past tense verb, and its doer is implicit, and it is a substitute for the preceding verb. الإنسان (man): The first object of the verb. ما (that which): The second object of the verb. لم يعلم (he knew not): A present tense verb in the jussive mood due to لم (not).
«No! Indeed, man transgresses (6)»: كلا (No!): A particle of deterrence and reprimand. إن الإنسان (Indeed, man): إن (indeed) and its noun. ليطغى (transgresses): The لام (lām) is a sliding particle, and it is a present tense verb with an implicit doer, and the sentence is the predicate of إن (indeed).
«Because he saw himself self-sufficient (7)»: أن رآه (Because he saw himself): أن (that) is a masdariyah particle and a governing particle (harf nasb), and it is a past tense verb, and its first object, and the doer is implicit, and the verbal noun (masdar mu'awwal) formed by أن (that) and the verb is in the accusative case as an object of purpose. استغنى (self-sufficient): A past tense verb, and its doer is implicit, and the sentence is the second object of the verb.
«Indeed, to your Lord is the return (8)»: إن (Indeed): A particle resembling a verb. إلى ربك (to your Lord): The predicate of إن (indeed) that is fronted. الرجعى (the return): Its noun that is delayed.
«Have you seen the one who forbids (9)»: أرأيت (Have you seen): The همزة (hamza) is an interrogative particle, and it is a past tense verb and its doer. الذي (the one who): An object of the verb. ينهى (forbids): A present tense verb, and its doer is implicit.
«A servant when he prays (10)»: عبداً (A servant): An object of the verb. إذا (when): A temporal adverb. صلى (he prays): A past tense verb, and its doer is implicit.
«Have you seen if he was upon guidance (11)»: أرأيت (Have you seen): The همزة (hamza) is an interrogative particle, and it is a past tense verb and its doer. إن (if): A conditional particle that causes jussive. كان (was): An incomplete past tense verb, and its noun is implicit. على الهدى (upon guidance): Related to an omitted predicate of كان (was).
«Or enjoined righteousness (12)»: أو (Or): A conjunction particle. أمر (enjoined): A past tense verb, and its doer is implicit. بالتقوى (righteousness): Related to the verb.
«Have you seen if he denied and turned away (13)»: أرأيت (Have you seen): The همزة (hamza) is an interrogative particle, and it is a past tense verb and its doer. إن (if): A conditional particle that causes jussive. كذب (denied): A past tense verb, and its doer is implicit. وتولى (and turned away): Conjoined to كذب (denied).
«Does he not know that Allah sees? (14)»: ألم يعلم (Does he not know): The همزة (hamza) is an interrogative and assertive particle, and it is a present tense verb in the jussive mood due to لم (not). بأن الله (that Allah): The ب (bi) is an extra particle of prepositions, and أن (that) and its noun. يرى (sees): A present tense verb, and its doer is implicit, and the sentence is the predicate of أن (that).
«No! If he does not desist, We will surely drag him by the forelock (15)»: كلا (No!): A particle of deterrence and reprimand. لئن (If): The لام (lām) indicates an oath, and إن (if) is a conditional particle that causes jussive. لم ينته (he does not desist): A present tense verb in the jussive mood, and its sign of jussive is the omission of the weak letter. لنسفعاً (We will surely drag him): The لام (lām) indicates the answer to the oath, and it is a present tense verb built on the fatha, and the doer is implicit. بالناصية (by the forelock): Related to the verb.
«A lying, sinful forelock (16)»: ناصية (forelock): A substitute for الناصية (the forelock). كاذبة خاطئة (lying, sinful): Two adjectives.
«So let him call his associates (17)»: The فاء (fa') is an eloquent particle, and it is a present tense verb in the jussive mood due to the lam of command, and its sign of jussive is the omission of the weak letter, and the doer is implicit. ناديه (his associates): An object of the verb.
«We will call the angels of Hell (18)»: السين (sīn) indicates the future, and it is a present tense verb in the nominative case with an estimated damma on the omitted و (waw), and the doer is implicit. الزبانية (the angels of Hell): An object of the verb.
«No! Do not obey him, but prostrate and draw near (19)»: كلا (No!): A particle of deterrence and reprimand. لا تطعه (Do not obey him): A present tense verb in the jussive mood due to the prohibitive لا (lā), and the هاء (hā') is its object, and the doer is implicit. واسجد (and prostrate): An imperative verb, and its doer is implicit. واقترب (and draw near): Conjoined to اسجد (prostrate).
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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