Are the tribulations that befall a servant considered a test from Allah, whether that servant is righteous or disobedient?

Allah Almighty tests the believer, the disobedient, and the disbeliever with prosperity and adversity. The trials of the disbeliever and the disobedient are a punishment for them and an urging towards repentance, so that Allah may expiate the sins of the disobedient. As for the trials of the believer, they elevate his ranks and grant him immense reward.