Is it permissible for a woman to wear short shirts and pants in front of her parents temporarily due to necessity, and should she avoid being in their presence when wearing these clothes?

There is no obedience to parents in disobedience to Allah and His Messenger. The lawful attire for a woman in front of other women or mahrams (unmarriageable kin) covers from the palm of the hand to the ankle. It is permissible to uncover the head, neck, feet, hands, forearms, and shins, but without the garment being short to the knee or tight, describing the awrah (private parts). Rather, she should uncover what is customarily uncovered. We advise the questioner to explain the religious ruling to her parents with evidence, wisdom, patience, and supplication. She should save money to buy modest clothing or use a "prayer isdal" (a loose, full-length garment used for prayer) if necessary, and strive to be God-fearing to the best of her ability.