Is the aforementioned "Urfi" marriage Islamically valid, and is the father's verbal consent over the phone sufficient, and if not, what must be done?

If the phone call between you and the woman's father included an offer and acceptance, then the contract is not valid due to the impossibility of fulfilling the conditions of the contract via phone, given the possibility of voice imitation. This applies even more so if it was merely an expression of desire to marry. Therefore, you must separate from the woman. Once her waiting period ('iddah) ends (her 'iddah is like that of a divorced woman, or she purifies herself with one menstruation according to some scholars), her guardian ('wali') can directly contract the marriage for you or appoint someone to do so on his behalf.