Does one to whom a financial sum has been awarded for vacation days, based on an expert's report, deserve it, knowing that the expert calculated full vacation days for years during which he took some vacations, and it is unknown exactly how many he took?

The ruler's judgment regarding unrestricted rights does not alter the intrinsic nature of a thing, by the consensus of Muslims. So, if a judge rules in favor of a claimant for money that is not rightfully theirs, it does not become permissible for them intrinsically, nor is it permissible to take it, due to the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: "Indeed, you bring your disputes to me, and perhaps some of you are more eloquent in presenting their case than others. I only judge based on what I hear. So, whoever I rule in their favor concerning something that belongs to their brother, let them not take it; for I am only cutting off for them a piece of fire." Therefore, if a judge rules a compensation for you that you do not truly deserve, it does not make it lawful for you, and you must return it.