What is the ruling on my brother's action of handing over my share of the sale of an inherited property to my mother without my knowledge or permission, given that I know my mother deducted more than half of the amount, and she owes me money, and I have other debts and court cases?

The agent must adhere to the limits of the agency. Therefore, it is not permissible for him to pay off a debt on behalf of the principal from his money without his permission. This is especially true if the judge has seized the principal's assets for the benefit of the creditors, as they are entitled to a share of it proportionate to their debts.