Is it permissible to use stratagem and deception in war, and is it considered treachery and betrayal?

Allah has forbidden treachery and condemned its perpetrators, threatening them with punishment and considering it one of the characteristics of hypocrisy. Despite this, the Shari'ah has permitted deception in warfare to achieve victory, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "War is deception." This does not contradict the prohibition of treachery, for the Shari'ah has distinguished between permissible means of stratagem and what involves treachery and the breaking of covenants.