Is a marriage valid if contracted before a congregation of people in a mosque, with the presence of two just witnesses, considering the default assumption that a Muslim is free from wickedness?
The majority of jurists stipulate justice (عدالة) in the two witnesses of marriage, and this is the most preponderant opinion. In the absence of just individuals, it suffices to have someone whose outward appearance indicates justice and who is not known to be defiantly disobedient (فاسق). The marriage is valid with the testimony of those who were in the mosque, even if the reality of their justice is not known. Some jurists have gone to the extent of saying that if it is difficult to find just individuals, it suffices to have a large number of witnesses.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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