What is the ruling on a partnership where capital is from one party and effort is from another, and does the party providing the effort share in profit and loss even though he possesses no capital, and are profits withdrawn immediately or added to the capital?

What the questioner mentioned is called Mudarabah (definition) or Qirad, and it is permissible. For its validity, it is stipulated that the profit between the two parties be shared according to the agreement. In the event of a loss, the loss of the capital provider is from his capital, and the loss of the Mudarib (the worker) is only the loss of his effort and work. As for your profits, it is permissible to keep them within the partner's funds along with their profits at the time of inventory, provided he agrees; otherwise, they must be withdrawn.