What are the cases in which a virgin woman may marry without her guardian's permission?

Marriage is not valid except with a guardian (wali) according to the majority of scholars, and it is not permissible for a woman to conduct her own marriage contract.

Exceptions to this include:

- When there is no guardian or he prevents the marriage, the judge marries her.

- When the guardian is absent or his whereabouts are unknown, and there is a fear of losing a suitable spouse, guardianship transfers to a more distant guardian or the ruler.

- When the conditions of guardianship are no longer met by the guardian (such as sanity, Islam, or justice), guardianship transfers from him, and the woman may appoint the ruler or judge, and if that is not possible, she may appoint a just man from among the righteous Muslims.