Must an oath and a conditional divorce be carried out in the event of an argument with others and threats of revenge?

If you swear to do something and then see something better, you may break your oath and offer expiation for it. If the matter sworn upon is forbidden, then breaking the oath is obligatory.

As for swearing by divorce, scholars have differed regarding its ruling when the oath is broken. The majority view that divorce occurs, while Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah holds that whoever swears by divorce with the intention of emphasis, prevention, or urging, must offer expiation for an oath and divorce does not occur.

It must be noted that the permissible oath is by Allah Almighty, and swearing by divorce is among the oaths of the dissolute, which can lead to grave consequences. One should beware of anger, as it is the sum of evil.