Is it narrated from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, that he designated daily litanies for each day of the week?

There is no evidence for dedicating each day to a specific remembrance (dhikr), and doing so is considered an innovation (bid‘ah) in religion. Therefore, books that include this type of remembrance should be avoided, especially those that might contain polytheistic (shirk) or innovative (bid‘ah) phrases. The books that contain lawful remembrances, such as "Al-Adhkar" by An-Nawawi and "Al-Kalim At-Tayyib" by Ibn Taymiyyah, are sufficient.