What is the meaning of "ʿAwad al-Mithl" (customary compensation), "Ujrat al-Mithl" (customary rent), and "al-Bayʿ bi Qīmat al-Mithl" (selling at customary value)?

"Mithl" (likeness/equivalent) refers to a counterpart. Jurists, by " عوض المثل (compensation of the equivalent), أجرة المثل (rent/wage of the equivalent), أو قيمة المثل (value of the equivalent)," mean paying a value for a right that equals the value of its counterpart.

For example, if someone hires a worker without specifying a wage, they must pay the wage of a counterpart who performs the same work.

Another example is a pilgrim in ihram who hunts game; they must offer its equivalent or its value if an equivalent is not available.

And if a husband dies or divorces his wife before the mahr (dower) is specified, she is entitled to "mahr al-mithl" (dower of the equivalent), which is a dower equal to what women similar to her in lineage and beauty receive.