Are the following considered non-mahram women whom it is unlawful to shake hands with: a paternal male cousin’s daughter, a paternal female cousin’s daughter, a maternal male cousin’s daughter, a maternal female cousin’s daughter, their mothers, and one’s father’s wife?
A paternal uncle's daughter, a maternal uncle's daughter, a paternal aunt's daughter, and a maternal aunt's daughter are not mahram (marriage is permissible with them), as Allah Almighty says: "and the daughters of your paternal uncles and the daughters of your paternal aunts, and the daughters of your maternal uncles and the daughters of your maternal aunts." As for the maternal aunt and the paternal aunt, they are mahram, as Allah Almighty says: "and your paternal aunts and your maternal aunts." Similarly, the father's wife is mahram, as Allah Almighty says: "And do not marry those [women] whom your fathers married." The mothers of a paternal uncle's daughter and a maternal uncle's daughter are not mahram; one must be cautious with them and not enter upon them. This is provided there is no other reason for mahramiyyah, such as suckling or affinity.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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