Is it permissible to fast the Day of Ashura before making up for missed days of Ramadan, and is it valid to fast the days of Ashura and the eleventh with the intention of making up for Ramadan while also receiving the reward for fasting Ashura?

First: It is not permissible to observe voluntary fasts for someone who owes make-up days from Ramadan; rather, they must first begin by making up what they missed.

Second: If one fasts the tenth and eleventh days of Muharram with the intention of making up what they owe from Ramadan, this is permissible, and it will count as making up two days, for the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Actions are but by intentions, and every person will have what they intended." It is hoped that by doing so, they will attain the reward for making up the fasts and the reward for fasting that day.