What is the ruling on lying to defend others or to conceal personal information, such as a person who gives charity denying their act of charity?

Lying is permissible to defend someone who is in the right, to save them from destruction, harm, or injustice. However, if defending them involves falsehood, lying is not permissible. Some jurists consider lying permissible to conceal a secret charity for a benefit, such as avoiding ostentation. Using ma'areedh (allusion/equivocation) is preferable to lying if the intended meaning can be achieved through it, as it offers a broader scope than lying when compelled to reveal a secret.