Is it permissible for a woman to travel without a mahram out of necessity, such as a resident traveling from Saudi Arabia to her home country to visit her family, while her sons are unable to travel with her due to their financial circumstances?

The basic rule is that it is not permissible for a woman to travel without her husband or a mahram, except for the obligatory Hajj and the obligatory 'Umrah. Some scholars have made an exception for cases of urgent necessity, or if the journey is with a large, trustworthy group, or for a journey of obedience such as maintaining ties of kinship (silat al-rahim). However, the majority of scholars believe that visiting family is not a necessity that permits travel without a mahram, and advise communicating with them through other means until travel with a mahram becomes feasible.