Is the transaction conducted by an Islamic bank, which involves opening an account for the borrower and depositing shares equivalent to the loan amount into it, and then granting the client the freedom to dispose of these shares through speculation or sale, permissible or a form of deception?

If the transaction with the bank involves the bank purchasing shares and selling them to the customer at a specified price, registering them in the customer’s name, then this is a valid and permissible sales transaction, provided the shares are permissible. This is not considered a loan but rather a sale. However, if the transaction involves the bank paying the price of the shares on behalf of the customer, to be recovered from him with interest, then this is usury (riba).