Is going out for jihad in Syria, with money and self, considered obligatory and taking precedence over going out to seek worldly knowledge in Europe, even with the possibility of inviting people to God and teaching the Quran there?

Learning worldly sciences that the Ummah needs, such as medicine and engineering, is a collective obligation (fard kifaya). If it becomes incumbent upon a specific individual, it then becomes an individual obligation (fard ayn), due to its role in establishing the welfare of people and societies. This work is considered a type of jihad, and a Muslim must strive to support his brothers with whatever he can. If the rituals of religion can be established in the country of study, then there is no harm in traveling there, provided one is keen to return to their homeland afterward so that Muslims may benefit from them.