As a Muslim girl, how can I get to know and understand my religion better, especially with the scarcity of knowledge acquired from school and home, and in a way that resembles a new convert's learning process?

Learning the principles of the Islamic religion, loving it, and working for its sake is easy for whoever Allah makes it easy for. This can be done by attending scholarly circles (halaqat) on the principles of the religion for students of knowledge known to follow the Sunnah, or by reading simplified books on the principles of Islam, such as: "Usul al-Iman fi Dhaw' al-Kitab wa al-Sunnah" (Principles of Faith in Light of the Qur'an and Sunnah), "Al-Fiqh al-Muyassar" (The Simplified Jurisprudence), "Minhaj al-Muslim" (The Muslim's Way), "Tat-heer al-Janan wa al-Arkan" (Purification of the Heart and Limbs), "Al-Irshad ila Sahih al-I'tiqad" (Guidance to Correct Belief), "Riyad al-Salihin" (Gardens of the Righteous), "Hisn al-Muslim" (Fortress of the Muslim), and "Aysar al-Tafasir" (The Easiest Exegeses).