What is the ruling regarding a teacher who uses a copyrighted book in his syllabus and photocopies it, whether for profit or not?

There is no objection to a teacher using images from a copyrighted book for his study notes, whether he profits from them or not. This is not a violation of rights; rather, it is a permissible quotation provided that the quoted material is attributed to its author and accuracy is observed in its نقل (transmission/citation).