What are the Sharia-compliant regulations that govern the monetary estimation for compensating a damaged or lost borrowed item, and what is the considered value for determining this compensation?

Warranty, in the case of a loan (ʿāriyah) and similar situations, is fulfilled by providing a like-for-like replacement for fungible items, and by paying the value for non-fungible items. A loaned item is guaranteed, whether there was negligence or not, and its value is guaranteed as of the day it perishes. If the device or book is something for which a like replacement cannot be found, then its value is guaranteed as of the day it perishes, and experts should be consulted to determine its value.