What is entailed for someone who masturbated during the daytime in Ramadan, being unaware of its prohibition, given that he has already made up the days he missed?

Scholars have differed concerning the ruling on one who masturbates while fasting. The majority of them hold that his fast is invalidated, and they adduce as proof the hadith: "He abstains from his food, his drink, and his desires for My sake." This ruling applies to one who intentionally masturbates while knowing that it invalidates the fast. As for one who was ignorant of this, there is nothing upon him. Some Hanafis, Ibn Hazm, and Al-Albani were of the view that intentional masturbation does not invalidate the fast.

As for the obligation of expiation (kaffarah) upon one who invalidates his fast through masturbation, most scholars are of the view that only making up the fast (qada') and repentance are obligatory, without expiation. Meanwhile, the Malikis hold that both making up the fast and expiation are obligatory. The more preponderant opinion is that expiation is not obligatory, due to the absence of any textual evidence for it other than for sexual intercourse.

Accordingly, if one masturbates out of ignorance that it invalidates the fast, there is nothing upon him. However, if he was aware of that, then his fast is invalidated, and he must make up the fast, repent, and seek forgiveness.