Is it permissible to pray sitting on a chair, both obligatory and supererogatory prayers, when one is able to stand and bow?
Praying on a chair is like praying sitting on the ground; both are referred to as sitting. It is permissible for a worshiper in voluntary prayers to pray sitting on the ground or a chair, because standing in supererogatory prayers is desirable (mustahabb) and not obligatory. The reward for standing is better for those who are able to do so. Al-Bukhari narrated that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Whoever prays standing, that is better. And whoever prays sitting, he will have half the reward of one who prays standing." If one prays sitting in a supererogatory prayer, one may stand before bowing (rukūʿ). As for obligatory prayers, it is not permissible for a worshiper to pray sitting unless they are unable to stand, based on the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "Pray standing; if you are unable, then sitting; if you are unable, then on your side."
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