What is the ruling on secretions discharged from hemorrhoids and the presence of their traces on underwear? Is it permissible to pray with these clothes, or must they be changed, knowing the hardship involved in frequent changes?

If blood flows continuously, the area should be cleaned and a bandage applied, then ablution performed for each prayer after its time has begun. If the blood stops for a sufficient period to perform purification and prayer, then the prayer should be delayed until that period. As for clothes stained by hemorrhoid discharge, they should be changed if possible without hardship; otherwise, prayer with them is permissible.