Is what I did correct by marrying a foreign woman according to the Sunnah of Allah and His Messenger and in the presence of the mosque's Imam, knowing that my family approved of the marriage on condition that it takes place in the homeland?

If a girl marries without a guardian (wali) and two just witnesses, then the marriage contract is void, and the contract must be renewed, fulfilling all the conditions.

If the contract that was concluded with the Imam of the mosque lacks one of the conditions, it is void and must be annulled and redone with its conditions.

There is no harm in disobeying your parents regarding marrying this girl if you fear falling into adultery, because there is no obedience to a creature in disobedience to the Creator.