Is it permissible for me to drink the Zamzam water in my possession, knowing that it is not mine, and that I do not know if my original jerrycan was transported from Saudi Arabia?

You are not permitted to take the jar with the owner's name written on it. Rather, you must return it to the airport. You should contact the shipping company to retrieve your jar, for by leaving what is not rightfully yours, Allah will compensate you with something better.