Is it permissible to offer to buy land from an absent owner at a price lower than the market value, and is Zakat obligatory on commercial properties, including a residential house and a car, intended for trade?

It is permissible to purchase land from its absent owner for a price lower than the market value, as long as there is no deception involved. The validity of a sale does not require it to be at the market price; rather, what matters is the mutual agreement between the two parties. Zakat (definition) is obligatory on trade goods when a year has passed on their value and their worth reaches the nisab (definition). They are to be appraised at market price, and 2.5% of their value is to be given as zakat. Benefiting from trade goods does not preclude the obligation of zakat. However, for someone who purchased property for residence or a car for personal use and then intended to sell it for profit, zakat is not obligatory on them for these items.