Is the abundance of street mud, whose impurity is certain according to all jurists, excused?
The majority of scholars forgive a small amount of street mud that is certainly impure due to the difficulty of avoiding it. The Shafi'is and Hanbalis believe in forgiving a small amount of impure street mud, even if it is mixed with impurities from a dog or similar, and this is the prevailing view. The Hanafis' madhhab is close to that of the Shafi'is and Hanbalis, as they stated that street mud containing impurity is excused, unless the impurity itself is clearly known. The Malikis have a detailed explanation regarding this issue: if the mud is more than the impurity or equal to it, either certainly or probably, it is forgiven. Similarly, if the impurity overpowers the mud, it is forgiven. However, if the impurity itself is clearly present, there is no forgiveness for it by consensus.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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