Is it permissible for an employee to lend money to his colleagues from the company's trust (funds/assets) without the knowledge of the authorized person?

The questioner is not permitted to dispose of entrusted funds without the owner's permission; otherwise, it would be considered a betrayal of trust. Allah (the Exalted) says: "O you who have believed, do not betray Allah and the Messenger or betray your trusts while you know [the consequence]." This prohibition includes all types of disposal, even acts of charity.