Is it permissible to pay zakat in Yemen from money borrowed from a brother who works in a usurious bank and receives his salary from it, knowing that the borrower is studying abroad and does not possess sufficient funds to send the zakat to Yemen due to transfer costs?

The default rule for zakat (definition) on wealth is that it should be distributed in the country where the wealth is located. However, it is permissible to transfer it for a beneficial reason.

Regarding borrowing from your brother who works in a usurious bank: - If your brother has no source of income other than unlawful money, or if you know that he will lend you from the very unlawful money, then it is not permissible for you to deal with him. - If his money is mixed and you do not know that he is dealing with you from the very unlawful money, then borrowing from him is permissible, though disliked (makrooh).