What is the meaning of each word in the narrations: "qaṣṣa (cut short), akhadha (took), taqṣīr (shortening), juzū (cut), iḥfū (shave close), anhakū (exhausted/worn out)" and "arkhū (let grow), awfū (let grow full), waffirū (make abundant), i‘fū (exempt/let grow)" linguistically and terminologically concerning the beard and mustache?

Clipping the mustache, shortening it, and trimming it all mean to take from it. As for al-ihfa' (shaving close) and al-inhak (wearing down completely), they mean shaving and eradication. Scholars have differed regarding the Sunnah concerning the mustache. Some view that the Sunnah is to shorten it, others view that it is to shave the mustache, and some give a choice between the two. The preferred approach for the mustache is to avoid eradication and to limit it to what appears at the edge of the lip. As for the words related to the beard: arkhu (let it hang), waffiru (make it abundant), i'fu (let it grow), and arju (let it be), all mean to leave it as it is.