What is the distance after which a woman is considered a traveler? Are there exceptional cases that permit a woman to travel without a Mahram, such as for Da'wah (calling to Islam)? What is the validity of the saying that it is permissible for a woman to travel alone if a Mahram takes her and another Mahram receives her? What is the ruling on a woman traveling without a Mahram, and how does one repent from it?

Women have been forbidden from traveling without a mahram in authentic hadiths. These hadiths have been reconciled by stating that anything customarily considered travel is prohibited for a woman without a mahram. The exceptional cases allowing her to travel without a mahram are: leaving Dar al-Shirk (the abode of polytheism), escaping captivity, and, according to some scholars, going for the obligatory Hajj with a trustworthy company. Her travel by plane without a mahram is considered travel just like any other form of travel.