Does the noble verse, "Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity," apply to my situation, given that I cannot extend the duration of urination beyond ten to fifteen minutes, and considering that the bag I place on the penis has caused me sores?

It makes no difference whether you urinate every half hour or every ten minutes, as urination stops once it is completed. You are not religiously required to wear a bag as long as you do not suffer from urinary incontinence. The hardship you experience from wearing the bag is a result of obsessive whispering (waswasah). Allah Almighty does not burden anyone beyond their capacity, and some people inflict hardship upon themselves with things Allah has not obligated them to do.