What is the yellowish discharge, and is it considered menstruation if it appears before or after the regular menstrual period? Does it necessitate ghusl (ritual bath) and prohibit prayer?

Yellowish and brownish discharges are like pus and are not considered blood. The fatwa adopted by us is according to the Hanbali school of thought, which states that yellowish and brownish discharges are considered menstruation if a woman sees them during her regular period, and she must refrain from prayer and fasting. However, if she sees them outside her regular period, they are not considered menstruation, and she must purify herself, perform ablution, and pray. If these discharges are continuous, she should perform ablution after the entry of the prayer time, take precautions, and pray the obligatory and supererogatory prayers like a woman with chronic vaginal bleeding (mustahadah).