What is the ruling on swallowing saliva that returns from the lips, wiping the lips with the tongue, moistening a finger and a postage stamp with the tongue, the entry of spice dust, smelling scents such as lemon and grilled meat, and is it permissible to break the fast at the beginning of the Maghrib Adhan?

Swallowing normal saliva that has not exited the mouth does not break the fast. However, if it exits the mouth and is then re-introduced and swallowed, it does break the fast. Merely wetting the lips does not break the fast. Wetting a finger with the tongue to turn a page does not break the fast. Wetting a stamp with the tongue is not among the things that break the fast, provided no taste from it remains in the mouth, or if it remains, the saliva altered by the substance is not swallowed. Swallowing saliva mixed with anything else (whether pure or impure) invalidates the fast. Smelling odors (spice dust, food smells, perfumes, road dust) does not break the fast. Some scholars hold that the smoke from incense, steam from pots, and dust, if any of it reaches the throat, invalidate the fast. The time for breaking the fast is sunset, and it begins upon hearing the first part of the adhan if the muezzin calls it at the correct time.