Are newly introduced matters in religion (Bid'ah) included in the definition of Fiqh as a "process," and are they subject to the Sharia rulings such as Wajib (obligatory) and Mandub (recommended)?

"Fiqh" is the knowledge of practical rulings derived from their detailed evidence. This definition encompasses both certainty and conjecture, excludes creedal rulings, and differs from Usul al-Fiqh, which examines general evidence. Innovations related to actions fall under the definition of Fiqh. As for classifying innovation into categories (obligatory, recommended, disliked, permissible, forbidden), this is the opinion of some scholars. However, the preponderant view is that every innovation is misguidance, and what some consider a "good innovation" does not fall under the legal meaning of innovation, but rather its linguistic meaning.